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The Triple Entente was a “friendly agreement” between France, Russia, and Great Britain that lasted from the beginning to the end of World War I. France and Russia were already in a military alliance, but Britain refused to enter into any formal alliances. Together, these three European powers, along with others including the U.S., battled Germany and Austria-Hungary in the First World War. The alliance system, the Triple Alliance vs. the Triple Entente, was one of the many causes that led to the outbreak of war in Europe. At the end of WWI, the Allied Powers, which they came to be known as, won the war, but their heavy reparations on Germany became one of the main causes of World War II. Click here to learn more about the Triple Entente.
28, 1919) - Brie
The Great War between Germany and the Allied Powers ended with the signing of the Versailles Treaty in France. Under the terms of the peace treaty, Germany had to severely limit its military activity, pay for all the damages that occurred during the war, and forfeit about ten per cent of its territory. Additionally, Germany was forced to accept full responsibility for the war under Clause 231. Unilaterally, these harsh punishments inflicted on Germany occurred without any of the German delegates present. The German people were not content with the oppressive terms of the treaty because it was an obvious initiative to destroy German economic, political, and military influence. The Treaty of Versailles clearly caused animosity between Germany and the other nations. As such, it was the first step towards World War II.
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William II was German Kaiser from the onset of the Empire to the formation of the Weimar republic. He came to power in the highly contentious era of competing superpowers steadily maintaining peace through diplomacy. William II was largely responsible for the end of this as he entered into war with Russia and France and invaded Belgium for the sake of asserting final German military dominion throughout Europe. These poorly though out actions lead direclty to Germany's humiliation and decline. William's legacy was ultimately that of a desperate Germany clinging to a fiercely aggressive nationalism which lead to the foundation of Nazism, the advent of Adolf Hitler, and the most catastrophic of humanity's many wars.
Russian Revolution
{260px-Kustodiev_The_Bolshevik.jpg} Bolsheviks - Brie
The Bolsheviks were a Russian group during the pre World War I era that followed Marxian ideology and originated from the Social Democrat Party. Bolshevik principles had slight variations from traditional Marxist thought. They stated that the vanguard party would lead the proletariat revolution and stressed the importance for the dictatorship of the proletariat. Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks gained power in the Russian Revolution of 1917. In an effort to gain the support of the working class, they stated that they would seek peace with Germany and end Russian involvement during World War I. Also, they declared that conditions in factories would improve and redistribute land to peasants. By seizing power during the weakened condition of the government, the Bolsheviks laid the foundations for the communist governments of Lenin, Stalin, and the Union of Social Soviet Republics (USSR).
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World War II
(policy of) - Brie
The policy of appeasement is a diplomatic policy that advocates for making allowances to the provoker to avoid war. This principle was applied to Hitler's Germany and Mussolini’s Italy during the period between World War I and World War II. Britain and France prior to War World II desired to avoid another devastating war like World War I because they remembered the horrendous cost in life and national treasure as well as the disturbing aftermath. By allowing Hitler to rebuild its navy, to annex Austria, and to acquire Sudetenland, they allowed Germany to become stronger and pose an even more serious threat to the fragile European society. The policy of appeasement was ultimately a failure with catastrophic consequences.
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Collectivization was a communist policy in the Soviet Union. It was administered by Joseph Stalin throughout his reign. It forced millions of peasants onto collective farms, to which they would contribute and from which they would all benefit. This policy was somewhat relaxed in reforms which allowed for private plots for personal use, and these plots became very abundant. Collectivization was an enormous shift for the economic workings of the communist nation and it remains an agricultural model for modern people's republics.
fascism{MussoliniSemi-Profile.jpg} fascism - Brie
Fascism is a political ideology that evolved during the post World War I era in Italy and Germany. Fascism sought to create a nation focused on rebuilding itself around one group of like minded peoples. The governing belief or ethos was that rebuilding the nation (fatherland or motherland) was for the good of the people no matter the sacrifice. The political leaders sought to control the people through the use of propaganda, mass rallies, secret police, and appeal to nationalistic feelings. In Mussolini’s Italy, he attempted to create a modern version of the Roman Empire by expanding Italy’s territories into Ethiopia, controlling industries, and achieving the recognition of Italian independence from the Vatican. Fascism was one of the majors issues that contributed to the outbreak of World War II because Germany and Italy sought to rebuild grand empires based on the belief of their nation’s pre-ordained strength, superiority, and destiny to rule others.
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Hitler, Adolph-William
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The iron curtain was a term made popular by Winston Churchill and symbolized an imaginary boundary separating Europe into two parts. These boundaries lasted from the end of WWII in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. This boundary separated the Warsaw Pact countries, the Soviet Union and other communist countries to the east, and NATO countries to the west. The countries to the east were all connected to communist Soviet Union in some way, whereas most of the countries to the west had democratic governments. The actual iron curtain fence stretched for thousands of miles and was especially strong in Germany, known as the Berlin Wall. The time while the curtain was in place was filled with heightened tension between the Soviet Union and the United States that almost led to another world war. The fall of the wall in 1990 signaled the end of the Cold War and the fall of communism. Click here to learn more about the iron curtain.
Khrushchev,{220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B0628-0015-035,_Nikita_S__Chruchstschow.jpg} Khrushchev, Nikita - Brie April 15 1894, – September 11, 1971)
Nikita Khrushchev was born near the Russian Ukraine border in April 1894. During Khrushchev’s early years in the political sphere, he participated in Stalin’s great purges and later became one of Stalin’s close advisors. However, after Stalin’s death, Khrushchev delivered his “Secret Speech” in which he denounced Stalin’s “cult of personality” and his purges throughout Russia. During his reign of the “Khrushchev Thaw” much of Russia’s internal oppressive policies were reversed to allow greater freedom in press, to encourage international trade, to promote economic reforms, and to increase the modernization of Russia; the primary objective of these reforms was to encourage economic growth to better compete with the West in general and the U.S.A specifically. He actively participated in the military arms race between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialists Republic which culminated in the 1961 Cuban Missile Crisis. Secondly, he was the architect behind the “Iron Curtain” and the Berlin Wall that separated the Eastern bloc, which was controlled by Soviets, and the Western bloc, which was controlled by the United States; this polarized the entire world into two factions: those aligned with the United States (Western bloc) and those aligned with the Soviet Union (Eastern bloc). Under Nikita Khrushchev, the Soviet Union reached the peak of its power but after the Cuban Missile Crisis it began its gradually decline.
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Marshall Plan-Sam
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William II was German Kaiser from the onset of the Empire to the formation of the Weimar republic. He came to power in the highly contentious era of competing superpowers steadily maintaining peace through diplomacy. William II was largely responsible for the end of this as he entered into war with Russia and France and invaded Belgium for the sake of asserting final German military dominion throughout Europe. These poorly though out actions lead direclty to Germany's humiliation and decline. William's legacy was ultimately that of a desperate Germany clinging to a fiercely aggressive nationalism which lead to the foundation of Nazism, the advent of Adolf Hitler, and the most catastrophic of humanity's many wars.
Russian Revolution
Bolsheviks - Brie{260px-Kustodiev_The_Bolshevik.jpg} Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks were a Russian group during the pre World War I era that followed Marxian ideology and originated from the Social Democrat Party. Bolshevik principles had slight variations from traditional Marxist thought. They stated that the vanguard party would lead the proletariat revolution and stressed the importance for the dictatorship of the proletariat. Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks gained power in the Russian Revolution of 1917. In an effort to gain the support of the working class, they stated that they would seek peace with Germany and end Russian involvement during World War I. Also, they declared that conditions in factories would improve and redistribute land to peasants. By seizing power during the weakened condition of the government, the Bolsheviks laid the foundations for the communist governments of Lenin, Stalin, and the Union of Social Soviet Republics (USSR).
Click HERE to learn more
Lenin, Vladimir I.- (1870-1924) Rebecca
{vladimir_lenin.jpeg} Vladimir Lenin was a leader of the October Revolution in 1917 as a Russian Marxist revolutionary and a communist politician. Lenin was also a member of the Bolsheviks and headed the Soviet state from 1917 to 1924. He tried to establish control of Russia during the Russian Civil War through his leadership in the Soviet and attempted to create a socialist economic system. Lenin is remembered by many people as one of the most significant political leaders of the 20th century. Lenin is even known today for his Marxist-Leninist theory that led to rebellions that shook the world and especially the Soviet.
about Lenin.
Nicholas II (1868-1918)- Ellen
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To learn more click here
World War II
appeasement{appeasement.jpg} appeasement (policy of) - brie
The policy of appeasement is a diplomatic policy that advocates for making allowances to the provoker to avoid war. This principle was applied to Hitler's Germany and Mussolini’s Italy during the period between World War I and World War II. Britain and France prior to War World II desired to avoid another devastating war like World War I because they remembered the horrendous cost in life and national treasure as well as the disturbing aftermath. By allowing Hitler to rebuild its navy, to annex Austria, and to acquire Sudetenland, they allowed Germany to become stronger and pose an even more serious threat to the fragile European society. The policy of appeasement was ultimately a failure with catastrophic consequences.
Click HERE to learn more
Chamberlain, Neville- (1869-1940) Rebecca
{Arthur-Neville-Chamberlain.jpeg} Neville Chamberlain served as Prime Minister in the United Kingdom as a conservative politician. Chamberlain is best known for his leadership of Britain in the Second World War when he declared war on Germany for their invasion of Poland. He also is best known for his signing of the Munich Agreement in 1938 which permitted the Nazi Germans to annex Czechoslovakia’s Sudetenland. Chamberlain eventually resigned the premiership because they were forced to retreat from Norway and he knew that a strong government would be supported by all parties, which is one thing he lacked. Chamberlain was remembered for many things but suffered from political attacks from both the right and the left. He is most importantly known for his contribution to WWII on the side of the British and their support for Poland.